: SAGE: individualization

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individualization

This term has come to categorize the two phases of life, experience and perception, reflected respectively in modernity (or solid modernity) and postmodernity (or liquid modernity). It is not clear whether Foucault ever read Elias, but it appears to have been Elias’ (1991 [1939]) crucial observation that it is the interdependency between society shaping individuals and individuals forming their own society out of their life (including their work and leisure pursuits) that is the central feature of the modern ‘society of individuals’, which led him to suggest that individualization emerged once human beings began (to paraphrase Foucault) to exist within themselves, inside the shell of their heads, inside the armature of their limbs, and in the whole structure of their physiology – when they began to exist at the centre of their own labour, the principles of which now governed them and the products of which would now elude them (Foucault, 1986: 318). [Source: The SAGE Dictionary of Leisure Studies; Individualization]

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