: Paleoclimatology: drought

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drought

Drought is an extreme event that is closely related to annual and seasonal mean precipitation. As soil moisture conditions are also affected by evapotranspiration and runoff, the characterization of droughts and their severity is often done with different indices. Drought defines the state of an environment faced with a significantly long and severe lack of water so that it impacts on flora (natural or cultivated), fauna (wild or farmed) and societies. Drought should not be confused with aridity. An arid region can experience drought episodes. Drought is initiated by a meteorological drought, which usually occurs when a high pressure system settles permanently over a region due to a blocking situation. Water deficit is also a natural situation from the point of view of climate variability (e.g.glacial/interglacial periods in the Quaternary, El Niño / La Niña cycles, etc.) but, according to some climatologists, certain water deficit situations are amplified (duration, spatial extension, intensity) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. Agricultural drought may be defined as the shortage of available soil moisture in the root zone of crops. (Adapted from: M. Rummukainen (2012). Climate Change 3 (2). and B. Weiss (1982). Climatic Change, 4 (2), 173-198. and translated from: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9cheresse)

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