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scientific discipline > biogeography

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biogeography  

Definición

  • Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, taxonomy, geology, physical geography, palaeontology, and climatology. For ecologists, one of the most intriguing questions under consideration is why certain species occur in particular geographical areas. For palaeoecologists, in addition to the question regarding modern species distributions, there are also highly interesting questions regarding species occurrence in geological time. A basic premise in biogeography is that climate contributes significantly to species distributions in space and time (Parmesan, 1996). By linking past and present species distribution patterns to climate change, these questions act as a starting point for investigations of how species will respond to global climate change, what their future distributions will be, and how biodiversity will be affected (Hughes, 2000; Walther et al., 2002). (Adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeography and L. Nevalainen et al. (2013), Journal of Biogeography, 40, 1548–1559.)

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